12). Shape Constancy

Shape Constancy allows us to view objects as still their original shape, even when the angles they are put at distort the picture. The circles in the pictures are distorted as some are leaning towards the side, but we still perceive them as a circle.

11). Brightness Constancy

Brightness Constancy simply refers to the ability to see that colour remains the same even under different levels of brightness. The man in the picture is wearing the exact same clothes, that are the exact same colour. The only differences in the pictures are the background colours, and the sun and the moon.

10). Size Constancy

Size Constancy refers to the ability to see objects as the same size even when the distance from them seem smaller or larger. In the example, the two yellow lines are on the same train track, but the one in the front seems smaller, but really they are the same size.

9). Motion Perception

Motion Perception is the ability to see still objects moving. In the picture shown here, there are multiple circles that are touching each other. If you stare at any of the circles, they will appear like they are rotating. 

8). Relative Size Mono cue

Relative size the size of familiar objects on the ground as a cue for depth and distance. In the example shown above, the billiard balls are the same size, but the ones far away seem smaller because of depth perception.

7). Light and Shadow Mono cue

 This cue shows that light colored objects appear closer to us then darker colors. Dark colors appear far away because of its shade. This cue is shown by the dice above. The dice have four shades of grey, the front, side, top, and the actual shadow. This represents that the lightest shade is closest to us. 

4). Proximity

The Law of Proximity states that objects that are close together, will be seen as in the same group. In the picture above, you should be able to see four groups of circles; the first one being all 36 circles together, and the next three, they are divided into three groups of 12.

3). Similarity

The Law of Similarity states that objects that are similar to each other will be grouped together. In this picture, most people will see the circles as one group, and the triangles as another. It will be perceived as columns, not rows.                           

1). Closure

The Law of Closure is a Gestalt principle that says incomplete objects are perceived as they are complete. Gaps will be filled in and will be seen as the object is balanced. 

6.) binocular cues

your sense of depth perception relies strongly on both eyes working together to find the range or depth of a stimulus in you visual field.  the lenses in both your eyes work similarly to certain range finders used in hunting or war. these range finders rely on two lenses picking up two slightly different images, then extracting distance information from them. these two lenses working together are known as convergence.

5.) figure-ground perception

Figure-ground perception can be described as the tendency of the visual system to simplify the scene into a figure that we are looking at, and everything else into the ground which forms the background. For example the picture above is composed of black and white space. You should be able to pick out two separate images but only one at a time. The black space displays an image of a hand. The white space displays the highlighted features of a persons face, which is looking down.

2.) law of continuity

 the law of continuity is implied in this picture because, even though there aren't two lines intersecting our brain connects the dots to make two separate lines.  in fact this picture has no lines at all we just perceive the dots as being two intersecting lines continuing on.  the law of continuity states that we have a preference towards perceptions of connected and continuous figures as opposed to disconnected and disjointed ones.